[Bridging_the_digital_divide] Tracking students with RFID

[bridging_the_divide at touchsmart.net]

In Texas, 28,000 Students Test an Electronic Eye
By MATT RICHTEL

SPRING, Tex. - In front of her gated apartment complex, Courtney Payne, 
a 9-year-old fourth grader with dark hair pulled tightly into a 
ponytail, exits a yellow school bus. Moments later, her movement is 
observed by Alan Bragg, the local police chief, standing in a 
windowless control room more than a mile away.

Chief Bragg is not using video surveillance. Rather, he watches an icon 
on a computer screen. The icon marks the spot on a map where Courtney 
got off the bus, and, on a larger level, it represents the latest in 
the convergence of technology and student security.

Hoping to prevent the loss of a child through kidnapping or more 
innocent circumstances, a few schools have begun monitoring student 
arrivals and departures using technology similar to that used to track 
livestock and pallets of retail shipments.

Here in a growing middle- and working-class suburb just north of 
Houston, the effort is undergoing its most ambitious test. The Spring 
Independent School District is equipping 28,000 students with ID badges 
containing computer chips that are read when the students get on and 
off school buses. The information is fed automatically by wireless 
phone to the police and school administrators.

In a variation on the concept, a Phoenix school district in November is 
starting a project using fingerprint technology to track when and where 
students get on and off buses. Last year, a charter school in Buffalo 
began automating attendance counts with computerized ID badges - one of 
the earliest examples of what educators said could become a widespread 
trend.

At the Spring district, where no student has ever been kidnapped, the 
system is expected to be used for more pedestrian purposes, Chief Bragg 
said: to reassure frantic parents, for example, calling because their 
child, rather than coming home as expected, went to a friend's house, 
an extracurricular activity or a Girl Scout meeting.

When the district unanimously approved the $180,000 system, neither 
teachers nor parents objected, said the president of the board. Rather, 
parents appear to be applauding. "I'm sure we're being overprotective, 
but you hear about all this violence," said Elisa Temple-Harvey, 34, 
the parent of a fourth grader. "I'm not saying this will curtail it, or 
stop it, but at least I know she made it to campus."

The project also is in keeping with the high-tech leanings of the 
district, which built its own high-speed data network and is outfitting 
the schools with wireless Internet access. A handful of companies have 
adapted the technology for use in schools.

But there are critics, including some older students and privacy groups 
like the American Civil Liberties Union, who argue that the system is 
security paranoia.

The decades-old technology, called radio frequency identification, or 
RFID, is growing less expensive and developing vast new capabilities. 
It is based on a computer chip that has a unique number programmed into 
it and contains a tiny antenna that sends information to a reader.

The same technology is being used by companies like Wal-Mart to track 
pallets of retail items. Pet owners can have chips embedded in cats and 
dogs to identify them if they are lost.

In October, the Food and Drug Administration approved use of an RFID 
chip that could be implanted under a patient's skin and would carry a 
number that linked to the patient's medical records.

At the Spring district, the first recipients of the computerized ID 
badges have been the 626 students of Bammel Elementary school. That 
includes Felipe Mathews, a 5-year-old kindergartner, and the other 30 
students who rode bus No. 38 to school on a recent morning.

Felipe, wearing a gray, hooded sweatshirt with a Spiderman logo and 
blue high-top tennis shoes also with a Spiderman logo, wore his yellow 
ID badge on a string around his neck. When he climbed on to the bus, he 
pressed the badge against a flat gray "reader"just inside the bus door. 
The reader ID beeped.

Shortly after, he was followed onto the bus by Christopher Nunez, a 
9-year-old fourth grader. Christopher said it was important that 
students wore badges so they did not get lost. Asked what might cause 
someone to get lost, he said, "If they're in second grade they might 
not know which street is their home."

But on the morning Felipe and Christopher shared a seat on bus No. 38, 
the district experienced one of the early technology hiccups. When the 
bus arrived at school, the system had not worked. On the Web site that 
includes the log of student movements, there was no record that any of 
the students on the bus had arrived.

It was just one of many headaches; the system had also made double 
entries for some students, and got arrival times and addresses wrong 
for others. "It's early glitches," said Brian Weisinger, the head of 
transportation for the Spring district, adding that he expected to work 
out the problems.

But for the Enterprise Charter School in Buffalo, where administrators 
gave ID cards with the RFID technology to around 460 students last 
year, the computer problems lasted for many months.

The system is set up so that when students walk in the door each 
morning, they pass by one of two kiosks - which together cost $40,000 - 
designed to pick up their individual radio frequency numbers as a way 
of taking attendance. Initially, though, the kiosks failed to register 
some students, or registered ones who were not there.

Mark Walter, head of technology for the Buffalo school, said the system 
was working well now. But Mr. Walter cautions that the more ambitious 
technological efforts in Spring, particularly given the reliance on 
cellphones to call in the data, are "going to run in to some problems."

In the long run, however, the biggest problem may be human error. 
Parents, teachers and administrators said their primary worry is 
getting students to remember their cards, given they often forget such 
basics as backpacks, lunch money and gym shoes. And then there might be 
mischief: students could trade their cards.

Still, administrators in Buffalo said they had been contacted by 
districts around the country, and from numerous other countries, 
interested in using something similar.

And the administrators in Buffalo and here in Spring said the 
technology, when perfected, would eventually be a big help. Parents at 
the Spring district seem to feel the same way. They speak of momentary 
horrors of realizing their child did not arrive home when expected.

Some older students are not so enthusiastic.

"It's too Big Brother for me," said Kenneth Haines, a 15-year-old ninth 
grader who is on the football and debate teams. "Something about the 
school wanting to know the exact place and time makes me feel kind of 
like an animal."

Middle and high school students already wear ID badges, but they have 
not yet been equipped with the RFID technology. Even so, some bus 
drivers are apparently taking advantage of the technology's mythical 
powers by telling students that they are being tracked on the bus in 
order to get them to behave better.

Kenneth's opinion is echoed by organizations like the A.C.L.U. and the 
Electronic Frontier Foundation, a nonprofit group that promotes 
"digital rights."

It is "naïve to believe all this data will only be used to track 
children in the extremely unlikely event of the rare kidnapping by a 
stranger," said Barry Steinhardt, director of the technology and 
liberty program at the A.C.L.U.

Mr. Steinhardt said schools, once they had invested in the technology, 
could feel compelled to get a greater return on investment by putting 
it to other uses, like tracking where students go after school.

Advocates of the technology said they did not plan to go that far. But, 
they said, they do see broader possibilities, such as implanting RFID 
tags under the skin of children to avoid problems with lost or 
forgotten tags. More immediately, they said, they could see using the 
technology to track whether students attend individual classes.

Mr. Weisinger, the head of transportation at Spring, said that, for 
now, the district could not afford not to put the technology to use. 
Chief Bragg said the key to catching kidnappers was getting crucial 
information within two to four hours of a crime - information such as 
the last place the child was seen.

"We've been fortunate; we haven't had a kidnapping," Mr. Weisinger 
said. "But if it works one time finding a student who has been 
kidnapped, then the system has paid for itself."

http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/17/technology/17tag.html?oref=login

---

Jason Barkeloo
President
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